Start Systems

total_degree(
    F::System;
    parameters = nothing,
    gamma = cis(2π * rand()),
    tracker_options = TrackerOptions(),
    endgame_options = EndgameOptions(),
)

Solve the system F using a total degree homotopy. This returns a path tracker (EndgameTracker or OverdeterminedTracker) and an iterator to compute the start solutions. If the system F has declared variable_groups then a multi-homogeneous a start system following ^[Wam93] will be constructed.

polyhedral(F::Union{System, AbstractSystem};
    only_non_zero = false,
    endgame_options = EndgameOptions(),
    tracker_options = TrackerOptions())

Solve the system F in two steps: first solve a generic system derived from the support of F using a polyhedral homotopy as proposed in ^[HS95], then perform a coefficient-parameter homotopy towards F. This returns a path tracker (PolyhedralTracker or OverdeterminedTracker) and an iterator to compute the start solutions.

If only_non_zero is true, then only the solutions with non-zero coordinates are computed. In this case the number of paths to track is equal to the mixed volume of the Newton polytopes of F.

If only_non_zero is false, then all isolated solutions of F are computed. In this case the number of paths to track is equal to the mixed volume of the convex hulls of $supp(F_i) ∪ \{0\}$ where $supp(F_i)$ is the support of $F_i$. See also ^[LW96].

function polyhedral(
    support::AbstractVector{<:AbstractMatrix},
    coefficientss::AbstractVector{<:AbstractVector{<:Number}};
    kwargs...,
)

It is also possible to provide directly the support and coefficients of the system F to be solved.

Example

We consider a system f which has in total 6 isolated solutions, but only 3 where all coordinates are non-zero.

@var x y
f = System([2y + 3 * y^2 - x * y^3, x + 4 * x^2 - 2 * x^3 * y])
tracker, starts = polyhedral(f; only_non_zero = false)
# length(starts) == 8
count(is_success, track.(tracker, starts)) # 6

tracker, starts = polyhedral(f; only_non_zero = true)
# length(starts) == 3
count(is_success, track.(tracker, starts)) # 3

PolyhedralTracker <: AbstractPathTracker

This tracker realises the two step approach of the polyhedral homotopy. See also [polyhedral].

OverdeterminedTracker(tracker::AbstractPathTracker, F::RandomizedSystem)

Wraps the given AbstractPathTracker tracker to apply excess_solution_check for the given randomized system F on each path result.

square_up(F::Union{System, AbstractSystem}; identity_block = true, compile = compile = mixed)

Creates the RandomizedSystem $\mathfrak{R}(F(x); N)$ where $N$ is the number of variables of F.

excess_solution_check!(path_result::PathResult,
                       F::RandomizedSystem,
                       newton_cache = NewtonCache(F.system))

Assigns to the PathResult path_result the return_code :excess_solution if the path_result is a solution of the randomized system F but not of the polynomial system underlying F. This is performed by using Newton's method for non-singular solutions and comparing the residuals of the solutions for singular solutions.

excess_solution_check(F::RandomizedSystem)

Returns a function λ(::PathResult) which performs the excess solution check. The call excess_solution_check(F)(path_result) is identical to excess_solution_check!(F, path_result). See also excess_solution_check!.